- Clinical Outlook
- Published:
- Lucas Galey1,2,3,
- Ayokunle Olanrewaju4,5,
- Hermann Nabi3,6,7,
- Jean-Sébastien Paquette8,9,10,
- Frédéric Pouliot ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6651-10793,6,11 &
- …
- Étienne Audet-Walsh ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-83651,2,3
Nature Reviews Urology (2024)Cite this article
-
Metrics details
Subjects
- Cancer metabolism
- Cancer screening
- Diagnostic markers
- Prostate cancer
For many years, PSA has been the most commonly used biomarker for prostate cancer screening and diagnosis. Although serum PSA measurement is highly sensitive, this biomarker has several limitations. Citrate, a molecule closely linked to the unique metabolism of prostate cancer, has the potential to be used as a complementary biomarker alongside PSA.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Change institution
Buy or subscribe
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 /30days
cancel any time
Learn more
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Learn more
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
![Rediscovering citrate as a biomarker for prostate cancer (1) Rediscovering citrate as a biomarker for prostate cancer (1)](https://i0.wp.com/media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41585-024-00899-3/MediaObjects/41585_2024_899_Fig1_HTML.png)
References
James, N., Lee, N. & Horton, R. Announcing the Lancet Commission on Prostate Cancer. Lancet 397, 1865–1866 (2021).
Leslie, S. W., Soon-Sutton, T. L., Anu, R. I., Sajjad, H. & Skelton, W. P. Prostate Cancer. StatPearls [Internet] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470550/ (updated 13 Nov 2023).
Frégeau-Proulx, L. et al. Multiple metabolic pathways fuel the truncated tricarboxylic acid cycle of the prostate to sustain constant citrate production and secretion. Mol. Metab. 62, 101516 (2022).
Bader, D. A. & McGuire, S. E. Tumour metabolism and its unique properties in prostate adenocarcinoma. Nat. Rev. Urol. 17, 214–231 (2020).
Kline, E. E. et al. Citrate concentrations in human seminal fluid and expressed prostatic fluid determined via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy outperform prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer detection. J. Urol. 176, 2274–2279 (2006).
Gonthier, K. et al. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 sustains a hybrid cytoplasmic–mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes in prostate cancer. Mol. Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.13441 (2023).
Costello, L. C., Franklin, R. B. & Feng, P. Mitochondrial function, zinc, and intermediary metabolism relationships in normal prostate and prostate cancer. Mitochondrion 5, 143–153 (2005).
Cooper, J. F. & Farid, I. The role of citric acid in the physiology of the prostate: a chromatographic study of citric acid cycle intermediates in benign and malignant prostatic tissue. J. Surg. Res. 3, 112–121 (1963).
Andersen, M. K. et al. Spatial differentiation of metabolism in prostate cancer tissue by MALDI-TOF MSI. Cancer Metab. 9, 9 (2021).
Gregório, E. P., Alexandrino, A. P., Schuquel, I. T. A., da Costa, W. F. & Rodrigues, M. A. F. Seminal citrate is superior to PSA for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Int. Braz. J. Urol. 45, 1113–1121 (2019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Endocrinology–Nephrology Research Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Lucas Galey&Étienne Audet-Walsh
Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Lucas Galey&Étienne Audet-Walsh
Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l’Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Lucas Galey,Hermann Nabi,Frédéric Pouliot&Étienne Audet-Walsh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Ayokunle Olanrewaju
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Ayokunle Olanrewaju
Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Hermann Nabi&Frédéric Pouliot
Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Hermann Nabi
Laboratoire de recherche et d’innovation en médecine de première ligne (ARIMED), Groupe de médecine de famille universitaire de Saint-Charles-Borromée, CISSS Lanaudière, Saint-Charles-Borromée, Québec, Canada
Jean-Sébastien Paquette
VITAM Research Centre for Sustainable Health, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Jean-Sébastien Paquette
Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Jean-Sébastien Paquette
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
Frédéric Pouliot
Authors
- Lucas Galey
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Ayokunle Olanrewaju
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hermann Nabi
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Jean-Sébastien Paquette
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Frédéric Pouliot
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Étienne Audet-Walsh
View author publications
You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Étienne Audet-Walsh.
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galey, L., Olanrewaju, A., Nabi, H. et al. Rediscovering citrate as a biomarker for prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-024-00899-3
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-024-00899-3